Rock Garden is a garden in which plants and rocks are harmoniously combined to achieve a certain ornamental effect or design. The garden is usually constructed according to a plan but may utilize existing settings. Rock gardens were first developed in England in the late 18th century in an effort to cultivate plants native to mountainous regions. Consequently, rock gardens are also sometimes referred to as alpine gardens.
Planning the Garden
Of primary importance in creating a rock garden is the selection of plants that can exist in rock crevices or hollows, that are compatible with soil and climatic conditions, and that
possess foliage and flowers that together create a pleasing effect. Generally, native perennials and shrubs with a low, spreading habit of growth give best results.Arranging the rocks to avoid erosion and permit proper placement of plants and easy access from pathways also is important. Watering facilities must be carefully planned as well, with attention to both supply and drainage.
Constructing the Garden
The garden should be built in an open area that is for the most part free of trees, but in colder and windier regions the garden should be situated
in a sheltered area if possible. The rocks generally are obtained from the surrounding area and should be sunk into the soil to about two-thirds of their height, leaving crevices or hollows suitable for plants uppermost. Loam mixed with sand and peat moss should be packed firmly into crevices.Most planting is best done in the fall, when the plants are partly dormant. Thereafter normal garden care is required, including watering in dry weather, limited use of a general fertilizer, and removal of dead flowers and weeds.
Many alpine plants are suitable for the rock garden, as are several of the low-growing evergreen shrubs such as dwarf yew, heath, heather, juniper, barberry, cotoneaster, daphne, azalea, and rhododendron. Many species of houseleek and stonecrop are excellent, and dwarf tulips, daffodils, crocuses, and hyacinths also can be used to good effect. Wildflowers include hepatica, bloodroot, Dutchman's-breeches, partridge berry, trilliums, and violets.
Reference: Sawung Jabo “Why Love Gardening” 2007. Univ. Indonesia